The Mullaperiyar Dam, built in 1895, remains a focal point of conflict between Kerala and Tamil Nadu due to safety, water management, and regional concerns. Here’s a detailed explanation of each fact:
1. Age and Safety Concerns
The Mullaperiyar Dam is over 129 years old. Kerala has consistently flagged safety risks, citing that an old, masonry structure in a seismically active zone could collapse under pressure. If such an event occurs, it threatens the lives of 3.5 million people living downstream in Idukki and nearby districts. Tamil Nadu, on the other hand, maintains that the dam is safe with regular maintenance.
Recent floods, such as Kerala’s 2018 monsoon disaster, have amplified fears, especially when water levels approached maximum capacity. The dam’s age and seismic vulnerability remain unresolved concerns for Kerala residents and environmentalists.
2. Water Level Disputes.
The Supreme Court has allowed Tamil Nadu to maintain the dam’s water level at 142 feet to ensure sufficient irrigation and water supply for its southern districts. Tamil Nadu relies heavily on this water for agricultural activities in the arid regions of Madurai, Sivaganga, and Theni.
Kerala, however, advocates lowering the water level to 138 feet, citing safety hazards. High water levels during heavy monsoons could stress the dam’s old structure, increasing risks of leaks or catastrophic failure. This disagreement over the water level fuels tensions between the two states.
3. Supreme Court Interventions
Tamil Nadu recently approached the Supreme Court, alleging that Kerala obstructed pre-monsoon maintenance efforts. This includes claims that Kerala denied the cutting of trees and the transportation of materials required for the dam’s strengthening works.
Kerala, in response, cited environmental regulations that restrict activities within the Periyar Tiger Reserve, where the dam is situated. The issue reflects a complex mix of legal, environmental, and political challenges between the two states.
4. Proposal for a New Dam
Kerala has consistently proposed constructing a new dam to replace Mullaperiyar, ensuring safety and long-term water management. Tamil Nadu strongly opposes this, fearing it might lose control over water resources, which are crucial for its agriculture and economy.
While Kerala emphasizes public safety and disaster prevention, Tamil Nadu remains focused on its historic rights to the Periyar River’s waters, as outlined in agreements dating back to the British colonial era. This stalemate continues to prevent progress toward a solution.
Conclusion
The Mullaperiyar Dam is not just a structure; it represents a decades-long inter-state conflict fueled by safety concerns, environmental challenges, and water resource management. While the Supreme Court mediates between the two states, a long-term, collaborative solution is needed to address the concerns of both Kerala’s safety and Tamil Nadu’s water needs.